HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles around them. This allows the cell to bring in large molecules or particles that are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Choice B is incorrect because endocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, not liquid material. Choice C is incorrect because endocytosis is about bringing particles into the cell, not expelling them. Choice D is incorrect because endocytosis involves the cell taking in material, not releasing it.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Serotonin is the correct answer as it regulates sleep, mood, and appetite. Serotonin is known as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating these functions. It helps to maintain a balanced mood, promote feelings of well-being, and regulate sleep patterns and appetite. Oxytocin is mainly involved in social bonding and childbirth. Cortisol is a stress hormone that regulates metabolism and immune response. Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly controls sleep, mood, and appetite.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular heartbeat. Stenosis of a heart valve can cause restricted blood flow, leading to abnormal heart rhythms. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in irregular heartbeats. Abdominal pain (A) is not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve. Blood clots (B) are more commonly linked to conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Edema (swelling) in organs (C) is usually a result of fluid retention, which can be seen in heart failure but is not directly caused by stenosis of a heart valve.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the integumentary system. This system includes the skin, which acts as a barrier to prevent water loss through a process called transpiration. The skin contains specialized cells and structures that help regulate water loss and maintain hydration levels. The nervous system (A) is responsible for transmitting signals but not for preventing water loss. The lymphatic system (C) is involved in immune response and fluid balance, not specifically focused on preventing water loss. The urinary system (D) is responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine, but its main function is not to prevent water loss.