HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Esophagus. The esophagus is the organ through which muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis. Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that help move food down the digestive tract. The mouth is responsible for chewing and swallowing food, not pushing it into the stomach. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occur, but it does not play a role in pushing food into the stomach. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing, but it is not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the integumentary system. This system includes the skin, which acts as a barrier to prevent water loss through a process called transpiration. The skin contains specialized cells and structures that help regulate water loss and maintain hydration levels. The nervous system (A) is responsible for transmitting signals but not for preventing water loss. The lymphatic system (C) is involved in immune response and fluid balance, not specifically focused on preventing water loss. The urinary system (D) is responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine, but its main function is not to prevent water loss.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the endocrine system produces hormones that regulate sexual function in the reproductive system. These hormones control processes like puberty, menstrual cycles, sperm production, and ovulation. Choice A is incorrect as nutrient transformation is not a primary function of the reproductive system. Choice B is incorrect because the sex of the embryo is determined by genetic factors, not the endocrine system. Choice C is incorrect as the growth of secondary sex organs is mainly controlled by hormones produced by the endocrine system, not the reproductive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a key organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system. Incorrect choices: A: nervous system - The spleen is not part of the nervous system; it is not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. B: integumentary system - The spleen is not part of the integumentary system, which includes skin, hair, and nails. D: urinary system - The spleen is not part of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.