HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a key organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system. Incorrect choices: A: nervous system - The spleen is not part of the nervous system; it is not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. B: integumentary system - The spleen is not part of the integumentary system, which includes skin, hair, and nails. D: urinary system - The spleen is not part of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inflammation. Inflammation is a secondary defense mechanism that occurs when tissues are injured, triggering a response to remove harmful stimuli and promote healing. It involves increased blood flow, white blood cell migration, and release of cytokines. Tears (A) and mucus (D) are primary defenses that help prevent pathogens from entering the body. Urine (B) is not a defense mechanism but rather a waste product excreted by the kidneys. In summary, inflammation plays a crucial role in fighting pathogens by mobilizing the immune system, making it the correct secondary defense mechanism choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets starch, breaking it down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process occurs in the mouth and small intestine, aiding in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase does not digest fat (choice B) or protein (choice C), which are broken down by lipase and protease enzymes, respectively. Amylase also does not directly absorb water (choice D), as its main role is in starch digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A, breaking down starch.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, while the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, when both valves are open, blood is being pumped out of the heart to circulate throughout the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific pathway of blood flow when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exocytosis is the process where the cell releases substances outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the mechanism of exocytosis. The other choices are incorrect because: A. Describes endocytosis, not exocytosis. C. Describes pinocytosis, not exocytosis. D. Describes phagocytosis, not exocytosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to the process of exocytosis.