HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Copper. Copper is essential for the formation of red blood cells as it is a component of enzymes involved in iron metabolism, which is crucial for hemoglobin production. Selenium, calcium, and magnesium do not play a direct role in red blood cell formation. Selenium is important for antioxidant functions, calcium is crucial for bone health, and magnesium is involved in various metabolic processes but not specifically in red blood cell formation. Therefore, copper is the correct answer as it directly contributes to the production of red blood cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the intercostal muscles assist with respiration by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax during inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, these muscles contract to lift the ribcage, expanding the thoracic cavity to allow the lungs to fill with air. During exhalation, they relax to decrease the thoracic cavity size, helping to expel air from the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the intercostal muscles do not directly protect the delicate bronchioles and alveoli. Choice B is incorrect as these muscles do not signal a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure. Choice D is incorrect because the primary function of the intercostal muscles is not to maintain a medial separation between pleurae.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: right atrium. The vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They empty into the right atrium, which is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle for pumping to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles; they empty into the atria. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the anatomical pathway of blood flow from the vena cavae back to the heart.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Esophagus. The esophagus is the organ through which muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis. Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that help move food down the digestive tract. The mouth is responsible for chewing and swallowing food, not pushing it into the stomach. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occur, but it does not play a role in pushing food into the stomach. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing, but it is not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles around them. This allows the cell to bring in large molecules or particles that are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Choice B is incorrect because endocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, not liquid material. Choice C is incorrect because endocytosis is about bringing particles into the cell, not expelling them. Choice D is incorrect because endocytosis involves the cell taking in material, not releasing it.