HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, while the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, when both valves are open, blood is being pumped out of the heart to circulate throughout the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific pathway of blood flow when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. This is because the characteristics described match those of epithelial tissue, which lines surfaces and cavities in the body. The location on the internal surface of the stomach and the tall, thin cells indicate epithelial tissue. The absence of extracellular matrix and blood vessels also align with epithelial tissue characteristics. Connective tissue has extracellular matrix, cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue, and nervous tissue contains nerve cells and supportive cells, which do not fit the given characteristics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. These bones together form the structure of the skull. Choice A (Approximately 5) is incorrect as the skull consists of more than 5 bones. Choice C (Approximately 60) and Choice D (Approximately 210) are incorrect as they greatly overestimate the actual number of bones in the human skull. The correct answer, B, aligns with the anatomical knowledge of the human skull structure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Arteries play a crucial role in this system by facilitating the circulation of blood. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Nervous system - Arteries are not a part of the nervous system, which primarily consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. B: Endocrine system - Arteries are not directly involved in the endocrine system, which is responsible for hormone production and regulation. C: Lymphatic system - Arteries are not part of the lymphatic system, which includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular heartbeat. Stenosis of a heart valve can cause restricted blood flow, leading to abnormal heart rhythms. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in irregular heartbeats. Abdominal pain (A) is not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve. Blood clots (B) are more commonly linked to conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Edema (swelling) in organs (C) is usually a result of fluid retention, which can be seen in heart failure but is not directly caused by stenosis of a heart valve.