HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular heartbeat. Stenosis of a heart valve can cause restricted blood flow, leading to abnormal heart rhythms. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in irregular heartbeats. Abdominal pain (A) is not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve. Blood clots (B) are more commonly linked to conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Edema (swelling) in organs (C) is usually a result of fluid retention, which can be seen in heart failure but is not directly caused by stenosis of a heart valve.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the lateral side of the knee is the side farthest from the left knee. To determine this, visualize the body in anatomical position and observe that the right side is the outer side of the knee joint, making it the lateral side. The kneecap (A) is the patella, located at the front of the knee, not the lateral side. Being closest to the left knee (B) is inaccurate as the lateral side is actually on the opposite side. On the underside of the knee (D) refers to the posterior aspect, not the lateral side.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them. This allows for integration of sensory information and coordination of cognitive functions. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of the corpus callosum. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum. Option B refers to different body systems, Option C involves the brain and spinal cord, and Option D mentions specific brain regions not directly connected by the corpus callosum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Answer C is correct because anatomically, the hip is closer to the body's midline than the knee. Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin, which in this case is the body. The hip joint connects the thigh bone to the pelvis, and it is closer to the body's midline compared to the knee joint, which is further down the leg. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: The knee is actually proximal to the ankle. Distal means further away from the point of attachment or origin, so the ankle is distal to the knee. B: The heart is superior to the diaphragm. The heart is located above the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity. D: The wrist is distal to the elbow. The wrist is further away from the point of attachment (the body) compared to the elbow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles around them. This allows the cell to bring in large molecules or particles that are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Choice B is incorrect because endocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, not liquid material. Choice C is incorrect because endocytosis is about bringing particles into the cell, not expelling them. Choice D is incorrect because endocytosis involves the cell taking in material, not releasing it.