HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: posterior. The dorsal body cavity is located on the back side of the body, opposite the ventral body cavity which is on the front side. Therefore, the dorsal body cavity is posterior to the ventral body cavity in anatomical position. Choice A (medial) refers to being closer to the midline, not the relationship between dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice B (deep) refers to being further from the surface, not the relative position of the dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice D (anterior) refers to being in front, which is the opposite direction of the dorsal body cavity in relation to the ventral body cavity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them. This allows for integration of sensory information and coordination of cognitive functions. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of the corpus callosum. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum. Option B refers to different body systems, Option C involves the brain and spinal cord, and Option D mentions specific brain regions not directly connected by the corpus callosum.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets starch, breaking it down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process occurs in the mouth and small intestine, aiding in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase does not digest fat (choice B) or protein (choice C), which are broken down by lipase and protease enzymes, respectively. Amylase also does not directly absorb water (choice D), as its main role is in starch digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A, breaking down starch.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the intercostal muscles assist with respiration by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax during inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, these muscles contract to lift the ribcage, expanding the thoracic cavity to allow the lungs to fill with air. During exhalation, they relax to decrease the thoracic cavity size, helping to expel air from the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the intercostal muscles do not directly protect the delicate bronchioles and alveoli. Choice B is incorrect as these muscles do not signal a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure. Choice D is incorrect because the primary function of the intercostal muscles is not to maintain a medial separation between pleurae.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the lateral side of the knee is the side farthest from the left knee. To determine this, visualize the body in anatomical position and observe that the right side is the outer side of the knee joint, making it the lateral side. The kneecap (A) is the patella, located at the front of the knee, not the lateral side. Being closest to the left knee (B) is inaccurate as the lateral side is actually on the opposite side. On the underside of the knee (D) refers to the posterior aspect, not the lateral side.