HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: posterior. The dorsal body cavity is located on the back side of the body, opposite the ventral body cavity which is on the front side. Therefore, the dorsal body cavity is posterior to the ventral body cavity in anatomical position. Choice A (medial) refers to being closer to the midline, not the relationship between dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice B (deep) refers to being further from the surface, not the relative position of the dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice D (anterior) refers to being in front, which is the opposite direction of the dorsal body cavity in relation to the ventral body cavity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Esophagus. The esophagus is the organ through which muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis. Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that help move food down the digestive tract. The mouth is responsible for chewing and swallowing food, not pushing it into the stomach. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occur, but it does not play a role in pushing food into the stomach. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing, but it is not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, while the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, when both valves are open, blood is being pumped out of the heart to circulate throughout the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific pathway of blood flow when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. These bones together form the structure of the skull. Choice A (Approximately 5) is incorrect as the skull consists of more than 5 bones. Choice C (Approximately 60) and Choice D (Approximately 210) are incorrect as they greatly overestimate the actual number of bones in the human skull. The correct answer, B, aligns with the anatomical knowledge of the human skull structure.