HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets starch, breaking it down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process occurs in the mouth and small intestine, aiding in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase does not digest fat (choice B) or protein (choice C), which are broken down by lipase and protease enzymes, respectively. Amylase also does not directly absorb water (choice D), as its main role is in starch digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A, breaking down starch.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The skeletal system. The skeletal system stores minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, in the bones. These minerals help maintain bone density and strength. The endocrine system (B) regulates hormone production, the lymphatic system (C) helps with immune function, and the cardiovascular system (D) transports nutrients and oxygen. However, the primary function of storing minerals is carried out by the skeletal system due to its composition of bones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles around them. This allows the cell to bring in large molecules or particles that are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Choice B is incorrect because endocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, not liquid material. Choice C is incorrect because endocytosis is about bringing particles into the cell, not expelling them. Choice D is incorrect because endocytosis involves the cell taking in material, not releasing it.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: veins. Veins have the lowest blood pressure among the structures listed. This is because veins carry blood back to the heart from the body, and by the time blood reaches the veins, it has already passed through the arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, losing pressure along the way. Arteries (choice A) have high pressure to deliver blood away from the heart, arterioles (choice B) regulate blood flow, and venules (choice C) connect capillaries to veins. Veins have thin walls and are more compliant, allowing them to carry blood at a lower pressure back to the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them. This allows for integration of sensory information and coordination of cognitive functions. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of the corpus callosum. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum. Option B refers to different body systems, Option C involves the brain and spinal cord, and Option D mentions specific brain regions not directly connected by the corpus callosum.