HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the urinary system. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating electrolytes by filtering blood and excreting excess electrolytes into urine. This process helps maintain proper balance of electrolytes in the body. The endocrine system (A) primarily regulates hormones, not electrolytes. The lymphatic system (C) is responsible for immune function and fluid balance, not electrolyte regulation. The nervous system (D) controls communication between different parts of the body, but does not directly regulate electrolytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TRH. The pituitary gland does not produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); it is actually produced by the hypothalamus. This hormone regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Choices A, C, and D (FSH, LH, and ADH) are all hormones produced by the pituitary gland, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Progesterone. Progesterone is the hormone that initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy by promoting the thickening of the uterine lining and creating a suitable environment for implantation. It is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and plays a crucial role in maintaining the uterine lining during early pregnancy. A: FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles but does not directly prepare the endometrium for pregnancy. B: Estrogen helps in the growth and development of the endometrium but is not the hormone that specifically initiates its preparation for pregnancy. C: LH (Luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which then produces progesterone. While LH is important in the menstrual cycle, it does not directly initiate endometrial preparation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because during periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, young people may experience a growth spurt where they grow taller faster than they gain weight. This can result in them being underweight despite eating enough calories. Choice B is incorrect as protein, fat, and sugar intake alone do not necessarily cause underweight conditions. Choice C is incorrect because eating several meals a day without balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure is unlikely to result in being underweight. Choice D is incorrect as long as the young person is consuming enough calories overall, the specific food groups in each meal are less relevant to weight status.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring proper nourishment and functioning of the heart. This is vital for maintaining cardiac health. Explanation: 1. The coronary artery is responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle specifically. 2. The heart muscle needs a rich blood supply to function optimally. 3. If the coronary artery fails to supply blood to the heart muscle, it can lead to serious conditions like heart attacks. 4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific function of the coronary artery in supplying blood to the heart muscle.