HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring proper nourishment and functioning of the heart. This is vital for maintaining cardiac health. Explanation: 1. The coronary artery is responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle specifically. 2. The heart muscle needs a rich blood supply to function optimally. 3. If the coronary artery fails to supply blood to the heart muscle, it can lead to serious conditions like heart attacks. 4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific function of the coronary artery in supplying blood to the heart muscle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It stores bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the urinary system (B) filters and eliminates waste, and the nervous system (D) controls body functions through nerve signals. The gall bladder's primary function of storing bile for digestion aligns with its classification within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream into the air in the alveoli. Trachea (A) is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs, bronchioles (B) are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi, and larynx (D) is the voice box. These structures are important for breathing but not directly involved in gas exchange. Hence, the alveoli are the correct choice for gas exchange in the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (7.4). Arterial blood pH must be maintained within a narrow range for proper physiological function. The normal pH of arterial blood is around 7.4, which is slightly alkaline. Deviations from this range can lead to serious health issues. Choice A (6.8) is too acidic for arterial blood, which would indicate acidosis. Choice C (7.9) and D (8.2) are too alkaline, which would indicate alkalosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B (7.4) as it falls within the normal physiological pH range for arterial blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal. The adrenal gland is located superior to the kidney in the human body. The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that sit on top of each kidney. They are responsible for producing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices (A: Pituitary, C: Hypothalamus, D: Pancreas) are not located superior to the kidney. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, the hypothalamus is located above the pituitary gland, and the pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach.