HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints, allowing movement. Muscles work in pairs to pull on bones, causing movement at the joints. This collaboration between muscles and the skeletal system enables various body movements. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because bones provide structure and support for muscles, not the other way around. Choice C is incorrect because cardiac muscles are not involved in the collaboration between the muscular and skeletal systems for movement. Choice D is incorrect because smooth muscles on internal organs have no direct role in facilitating movement or mineral regulation in bones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T4. The thyroid gland primarily secretes thyroxine (T4), which plays a key role in regulating metabolism and energy production in the body. Oxytocin (A) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, not the thyroid. TSH (B) is thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid to produce T4. Adrenaline (C) is produced by the adrenal glands, not the thyroid. T4 is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TRH. The pituitary gland does not produce thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); it is actually produced by the hypothalamus. This hormone regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Choices A, C, and D (FSH, LH, and ADH) are all hormones produced by the pituitary gland, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It stores bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the urinary system (B) filters and eliminates waste, and the nervous system (D) controls body functions through nerve signals. The gall bladder's primary function of storing bile for digestion aligns with its classification within the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urinary and reproductive. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (urinary system) and also serves as the passageway for semen in males (reproductive system). The other choices are incorrect because the urethra is not part of the endocrine system (choice A), digestive system (choice D), or cardiovascular system (choice D). The urinary and reproductive systems are closely related in terms of anatomy and function, making choice B the correct answer.