HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints, allowing movement. Muscles work in pairs to pull on bones, causing movement at the joints. This collaboration between muscles and the skeletal system enables various body movements. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because bones provide structure and support for muscles, not the other way around. Choice C is incorrect because cardiac muscles are not involved in the collaboration between the muscular and skeletal systems for movement. Choice D is incorrect because smooth muscles on internal organs have no direct role in facilitating movement or mineral regulation in bones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of antibodies. Nonspecific immune responses are immediate and do not target specific pathogens. Antibodies are produced by the specific immune system in response to a particular pathogen. Inflammation, vasodilation, and release of histamine are examples of nonspecific immune responses that occur rapidly to defend against a wide range of pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells in response to specific antigens and are part of the adaptive immune response.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensory neuron. This is because sensory neurons carry impulses from sense receptors to the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord. Motor neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors (muscles or glands). Interneurons are found within the central nervous system and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. Bipolar neurons have two processes (dendrite and axon) and are typically found in specialized sensory organs like the retina. Therefore, the impulse traveling from a sense receptor to the spinal cord is specifically carried by a sensory neuron.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a cut through the transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. This is a true cross-section, providing a view of structures perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Choices A, B, and C do not result in a true cross-section as they do not divide the body into distinct superior and inferior parts. A sagittal or frontal section (choice A) divides the body into left and right or front and back parts, a cut along the coronal plane (choice B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts, and a cut along the median plane (choice C) divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because during periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, young people may experience a growth spurt where they grow taller faster than they gain weight. This can result in them being underweight despite eating enough calories. Choice B is incorrect as protein, fat, and sugar intake alone do not necessarily cause underweight conditions. Choice C is incorrect because eating several meals a day without balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure is unlikely to result in being underweight. Choice D is incorrect as long as the young person is consuming enough calories overall, the specific food groups in each meal are less relevant to weight status.