HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a cut through the transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. This is a true cross-section, providing a view of structures perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Choices A, B, and C do not result in a true cross-section as they do not divide the body into distinct superior and inferior parts. A sagittal or frontal section (choice A) divides the body into left and right or front and back parts, a cut along the coronal plane (choice B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts, and a cut along the median plane (choice C) divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Progesterone. Progesterone is the hormone that initiates the preparation of the endometrium for pregnancy by promoting the thickening of the uterine lining and creating a suitable environment for implantation. It is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and plays a crucial role in maintaining the uterine lining during early pregnancy. A: FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles but does not directly prepare the endometrium for pregnancy. B: Estrogen helps in the growth and development of the endometrium but is not the hormone that specifically initiates its preparation for pregnancy. C: LH (Luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which then produces progesterone. While LH is important in the menstrual cycle, it does not directly initiate endometrial preparation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a cut through the transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. This is a true cross-section, providing a view of structures perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Choices A, B, and C do not result in a true cross-section as they do not divide the body into distinct superior and inferior parts. A sagittal or frontal section (choice A) divides the body into left and right or front and back parts, a cut along the coronal plane (choice B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts, and a cut along the median plane (choice C) divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enlargement of the thyroid can compress the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing. The goiter may cause pressure on the neck and interfere with the normal swallowing process. This can result in symptoms such as throat tightness, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing. Incorrect choices: B: Insulin levels are regulated by the pancreas, not the thyroid. C: The thyroid enlargement does not directly impact sleep. D: Digestion is primarily controlled by the stomach and intestines, not the thyroid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact perception because this lobe is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, spatial awareness, and interpreting the environment. Damage to the parietal lobe can result in difficulties in recognizing objects, understanding spatial relationships, and integrating sensory information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the parietal lobe is not directly involved in regulating breathing, attention, or memory functions.