HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: superior. The skull is positioned superior to the spinal cord because it is located above the spinal cord in the anatomical position. Superior indicates a structure is positioned higher in the body. The skull is superior to the spinal cord as it sits on top of the vertebral column. A: anterior is incorrect as the skull is not located in front of the spinal cord. B: posterior is incorrect as the skull is not located behind the spinal cord. C: lateral is incorrect as the skull is not situated to the side of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact perception because this lobe is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, spatial awareness, and interpreting the environment. Damage to the parietal lobe can result in difficulties in recognizing objects, understanding spatial relationships, and integrating sensory information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the parietal lobe is not directly involved in regulating breathing, attention, or memory functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The nose. The nose is an anterior feature of the human head as it is located at the front of the face. The nose plays a crucial role in breathing and smelling. B: The ears are located on the sides of the head, not at the front, making it an incorrect choice. C: The occipital lobe is a part of the brain located at the back of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice. D: The temporal lobe is also a part of the brain located on the sides of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urinary and reproductive. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (urinary system) and also serves as the passageway for semen in males (reproductive system). The other choices are incorrect because the urethra is not part of the endocrine system (choice A), digestive system (choice D), or cardiovascular system (choice D). The urinary and reproductive systems are closely related in terms of anatomy and function, making choice B the correct answer.