HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The nose. The nose is an anterior feature of the human head as it is located at the front of the face. The nose plays a crucial role in breathing and smelling. B: The ears are located on the sides of the head, not at the front, making it an incorrect choice. C: The occipital lobe is a part of the brain located at the back of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice. D: The temporal lobe is also a part of the brain located on the sides of the head, not the front, making it an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring proper nourishment and functioning of the heart. This is vital for maintaining cardiac health. Explanation: 1. The coronary artery is responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle specifically. 2. The heart muscle needs a rich blood supply to function optimally. 3. If the coronary artery fails to supply blood to the heart muscle, it can lead to serious conditions like heart attacks. 4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific function of the coronary artery in supplying blood to the heart muscle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (7.4). Arterial blood pH must be maintained within a narrow range for proper physiological function. The normal pH of arterial blood is around 7.4, which is slightly alkaline. Deviations from this range can lead to serious health issues. Choice A (6.8) is too acidic for arterial blood, which would indicate acidosis. Choice C (7.9) and D (8.2) are too alkaline, which would indicate alkalosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B (7.4) as it falls within the normal physiological pH range for arterial blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smooth muscles are involved in peristalsis as they are found in the walls of the digestive tract and exhibit rhythmic contractions to propel food along the digestive system. Smooth muscles are involuntary, allowing for automatic control of peristalsis without conscious effort. Cardiac muscles (B) are found in the heart and are responsible for pumping blood, not peristalsis. Skeletal muscles (C) are voluntary and are not directly involved in peristalsis. Epaxial muscles (D) are a specific group of skeletal muscles located along the vertebral column and are not involved in peristalsis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.