HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensory neuron. This is because sensory neurons carry impulses from sense receptors to the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord. Motor neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors (muscles or glands). Interneurons are found within the central nervous system and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. Bipolar neurons have two processes (dendrite and axon) and are typically found in specialized sensory organs like the retina. Therefore, the impulse traveling from a sense receptor to the spinal cord is specifically carried by a sensory neuron.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact perception because this lobe is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, spatial awareness, and interpreting the environment. Damage to the parietal lobe can result in difficulties in recognizing objects, understanding spatial relationships, and integrating sensory information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the parietal lobe is not directly involved in regulating breathing, attention, or memory functions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream into the air in the alveoli. Trachea (A) is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs, bronchioles (B) are smaller airways that branch off from the bronchi, and larynx (D) is the voice box. These structures are important for breathing but not directly involved in gas exchange. Hence, the alveoli are the correct choice for gas exchange in the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the urinary system eliminates waste products of digestion like urea and excess water. The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. The liver processes the absorbed nutrients and removes waste products, converting some into urea. The kidneys filter the blood, removing urea and excess water to form urine, which is then excreted. Incorrect choices: A: The digestive system does not control the function of the ureter; that is the role of the urinary system. B: While the urinary system does remove toxins from the body, it is not directly related to the products of digestion. C: Hormones related to urination are mainly produced by the kidneys and not the digestive system.