HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The hypothalamus is part of the endocrine system as it regulates hormone production and secretion by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The cardiovascular system (choice A), respiratory system (choice C), and lymphatic system (choice D) do not involve the hypothalamus in their primary functions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: superior. The skull is positioned superior to the spinal cord because it is located above the spinal cord in the anatomical position. Superior indicates a structure is positioned higher in the body. The skull is superior to the spinal cord as it sits on top of the vertebral column. A: anterior is incorrect as the skull is not located in front of the spinal cord. B: posterior is incorrect as the skull is not located behind the spinal cord. C: lateral is incorrect as the skull is not situated to the side of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a cut through the transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. This is a true cross-section, providing a view of structures perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Choices A, B, and C do not result in a true cross-section as they do not divide the body into distinct superior and inferior parts. A sagittal or frontal section (choice A) divides the body into left and right or front and back parts, a cut along the coronal plane (choice B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts, and a cut along the median plane (choice C) divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lactase. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. This process is essential for individuals to digest lactose found in milk and dairy products. Catalase (A) breaks down hydrogen peroxide, Lipase (B) breaks down fats, and Protease (C) breaks down proteins, none of which are involved in lactose digestion. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it specifically targets lactose breakdown.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact perception because this lobe is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, spatial awareness, and interpreting the environment. Damage to the parietal lobe can result in difficulties in recognizing objects, understanding spatial relationships, and integrating sensory information. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the parietal lobe is not directly involved in regulating breathing, attention, or memory functions.