HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the strongest and largest chamber of the heart because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body, requiring more muscle mass and power. It has thicker walls compared to the other chambers, enabling it to generate higher pressure to propel blood throughout the systemic circulation. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect as the atria (left and right) are smaller chambers that primarily receive blood from the body and lungs, respectively. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, but it is not as strong or as large as the left ventricle due to the shorter distance it needs to pump blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. This brain region is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory inputs to create a coherent perception of the environment. The frontal lobe (A) is involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making. The occipital lobe (C) processes visual information, and the temporal lobe (D) is responsible for auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the correct choice for processing sensory information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid gland. During stress, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release ACTH, which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release stress hormones like cortisol. The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and vasopressin, not directly related to stress. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels, not involved in the stress response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it helps in the production of proteins necessary for the clotting process. Deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding. A: Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not blood clotting. C: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and immune function, not blood clotting. D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not blood clotting.