HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body. Blood in veins is typically low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Arteries (A) carry blood away from the heart, capillaries (B) facilitate exchange of nutrients and gases, and lymphatic vessels (D) are part of the lymphatic system that helps with immune function, not blood circulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. The other choices, A: Thyroid gland, B: Pituitary gland, and D: Adrenal gland, are not involved in the production of insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland controls hormone production in other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer for the production of insulin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing emotions and forming emotional memories. It plays a crucial role in fear responses, emotional regulation, and memory consolidation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements. B: Cerebellum is primarily involved in motor coordination and balance. D: Brainstem controls basic functions like breathing, heart rate, and consciousness levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. This brain region is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory inputs to create a coherent perception of the environment. The frontal lobe (A) is involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making. The occipital lobe (C) processes visual information, and the temporal lobe (D) is responsible for auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the correct choice for processing sensory information.