HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure from the heart's pumping action. Veins (A) carry blood back to the heart, capillaries (C) facilitate exchange of nutrients and waste, and nerves (D) transmit signals but do not transport blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Insulin (Choice A) is released in response to high blood glucose, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol (Choice C) and adrenaline (Choice D) are stress hormones and not directly involved in regulating blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It contains important centers that regulate these involuntary actions, making it the correct choice. The cerebrum (A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movement. The cerebellum (B) is involved in coordination and balance. The hypothalamus (D) regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but does not directly control breathing and heart rate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing emotions and forming emotional memories. It plays a crucial role in fear responses, emotional regulation, and memory consolidation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements. B: Cerebellum is primarily involved in motor coordination and balance. D: Brainstem controls basic functions like breathing, heart rate, and consciousness levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes needed for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The other choices, A: Nucleus, B: Ribosome, and D: Golgi apparatus, do not directly participate in energy production. The nucleus houses genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.