HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The main component of the cell membrane is lipids, specifically phospholipids. They form a lipid bilayer that provides structure and acts as a barrier to regulate what enters and exits the cell. Proteins are also important in the cell membrane for various functions, but they are not the main component. Carbohydrates are found on the surface of the cell membrane for cell recognition and communication, not as the main component. Nucleic acids are not found in the cell membrane, as they are responsible for genetic information storage and protein synthesis inside the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parietal lobe. This brain region is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory inputs to create a coherent perception of the environment. The frontal lobe (A) is involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making. The occipital lobe (C) processes visual information, and the temporal lobe (D) is responsible for auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the correct choice for processing sensory information.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, making it a crucial part of the endocrine system. The thymus (A) is involved in immune function, the pituitary gland (B) releases hormones but does not release these specific hormones, and the pineal gland (C) primarily secretes melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles, not the hormones mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenaline. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and overall alertness in response to stress or danger. Insulin (A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate stress response and metabolism, and melatonin (D) is produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles.