HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps. The quadriceps muscle group, specifically the rectus femoris, is primarily responsible for extending the knee. This muscle group is located on the front of the thigh and contracts to straighten the knee joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hamstrings primarily flex the knee. C: Calves primarily assist in ankle plantar flexion. D: Glutes primarily extend the hip, not the knee.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To fight infection. White blood cells are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against infections by attacking and destroying pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. They are key players in the immune response. A: White blood cells do not carry oxygen to the cells. That is the role of red blood cells. C: White blood cells do not transport nutrients. Nutrients are transported by the bloodstream and absorbed by various organs. D: White blood cells are not responsible for clotting blood. Platelets are primarily responsible for blood clotting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart due to the contraction of the heart's left ventricle, which pumps blood to the rest of the body. Arteries have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart. Veins (A) carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries (C) facilitate exchange of gases and nutrients, and lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph fluid, not blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is crucial in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon (choice B) is also produced by the pancreas, but it works in the opposite way to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels. Somatostatin (choice C) is produced by the pancreas and has various functions, including inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagon. Cortisol (choice D) is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and plays a role in stress response and metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.