HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. It serves as a passageway for both urine and semen to exit the body. The bladder (A) is only part of the urinary system, storing urine. The prostate (C) and seminal vesicle (D) are structures specific to the male reproductive system, producing components of semen. Therefore, the urethra is the only structure that is shared by both systems.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. It receives signals from the retina about light levels, which helps to synchronize the body's internal clock. The hypothalamus (A) regulates various bodily functions but is not specifically responsible for sleep-wake cycles. The thalamus (B) is involved in relaying sensory information but not directly related to sleep regulation. The cerebellum (D) is primarily involved in motor control and coordination, not sleep regulation. Therefore, the pineal gland is the structure in the brain that directly regulates sleep and wakefulness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.