HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory. It also helps in spatial navigation and declarative memory. The amygdala (choice B) is associated with emotions and emotional memories, not memory formation. The cerebellum (choice C) is primarily responsible for motor coordination, not memory. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is involved in vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not memory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It contains important centers that regulate these involuntary actions, making it the correct choice. The cerebrum (A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movement. The cerebellum (B) is involved in coordination and balance. The hypothalamus (D) regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but does not directly control breathing and heart rate.