HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which gland is known as the 'master gland'?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is known as the 'master gland' because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Other choices are incorrect because the thyroid gland mainly regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland is responsible for stress response and metabolism, and the pineal gland produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles. The pituitary gland stands out as the 'master gland' due to its control over other gland functions.
Question 2 of 5
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the body. This is achieved through the blood vessels and the pumping action of the heart. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, while nutrients are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Without these, cells cannot function properly, leading to organ failure and ultimately, death. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because although the circulatory system indirectly helps remove waste products, regulate body temperature, and protect organs, these are not its primary functions.
Question 3 of 5
Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. It helps control the body's internal clock and signals the brain when it's time to sleep. Melatonin levels typically rise in the evening, promoting sleep, and decrease in the morning, promoting wakefulness. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Insulin - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, not the sleep-wake cycle. C: Cortisol - Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and immune response, but it does not directly control the sleep-wake cycle. D: Thyroxine - Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, but it is not directly involved in the sleep-wake cycle regulation.
Question 4 of 5
A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.
Question 5 of 5
Which cellular structure is responsible for energy production?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.
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