HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it helps in the production of proteins necessary for the clotting process. Deficiency in Vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding. A: Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not blood clotting. C: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and immune function, not blood clotting. D: Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not blood clotting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes needed for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The other choices, A: Nucleus, B: Ribosome, and D: Golgi apparatus, do not directly participate in energy production. The nucleus houses genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lens. The lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina by adjusting its shape to bend the light rays. The cornea (A) primarily helps in refracting light, while the pupil (C) and iris (D) are involved in regulating the amount of light entering the eye, not in focusing light onto the retina. Therefore, the lens is the correct choice as it plays a crucial role in the process of focusing light onto the retina.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not directly carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and are the primary carriers of oxygen, making them indirectly responsible for carrying oxygen. However, the specific structure responsible for carrying oxygen is hemoglobin within red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases glucagon to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Insulin (Choice A) is released in response to high blood glucose, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol (Choice C) and adrenaline (Choice D) are stress hormones and not directly involved in regulating blood glucose levels.