HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, to break down food and absorb nutrients. The digestive system is responsible for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. This process allows the body to obtain essential nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because regulating body temperature is the function of the thermoregulatory system, transporting nutrients is mainly done by the circulatory system, and hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes needed for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The other choices, A: Nucleus, B: Ribosome, and D: Golgi apparatus, do not directly participate in energy production. The nucleus houses genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow and are thin-walled. Arteries (A) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries (B) are tiny vessels where oxygen exchange occurs. Lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph, not blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together, lining body surfaces or cavities. In this case, the cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, which aligns with the location of epithelial tissue in the body. The absence of extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and lack of blood vessels all point towards epithelial tissue, which functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Summary: B: Connective tissue would have extracellular matrix and blood vessels. C: Muscle tissue would have muscle fibers and blood vessels. D: Cartilage tissue would have a gel-like matrix and chondrocytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenaline. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and overall alertness in response to stress or danger. Insulin (A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate stress response and metabolism, and melatonin (D) is produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles.