HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, to break down food and absorb nutrients. The digestive system is responsible for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. This process allows the body to obtain essential nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because regulating body temperature is the function of the thermoregulatory system, transporting nutrients is mainly done by the circulatory system, and hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the digestive system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not directly carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and are the primary carriers of oxygen, making them indirectly responsible for carrying oxygen. However, the specific structure responsible for carrying oxygen is hemoglobin within red blood cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. The other choices, A: Thyroid gland, B: Pituitary gland, and D: Adrenal gland, are not involved in the production of insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland controls hormone production in other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer for the production of insulin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. They produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins. Therefore, only the mitochondria play a direct role in energy production within the cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps. The quadriceps muscle group, specifically the rectus femoris, is primarily responsible for extending the knee. This muscle group is located on the front of the thigh and contracts to straighten the knee joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hamstrings primarily flex the knee. C: Calves primarily assist in ankle plantar flexion. D: Glutes primarily extend the hip, not the knee.