HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. It serves as a passageway for both urine and semen to exit the body. The bladder (A) is only part of the urinary system, storing urine. The prostate (C) and seminal vesicle (D) are structures specific to the male reproductive system, producing components of semen. Therefore, the urethra is the only structure that is shared by both systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart due to the contraction of the heart's left ventricle, which pumps blood to the rest of the body. Arteries have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart. Veins (A) carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries (C) facilitate exchange of gases and nutrients, and lymphatic vessels (D) transport lymph fluid, not blood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Veins. Veins carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body. Blood in veins is typically low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Arteries (A) carry blood away from the heart, capillaries (B) facilitate exchange of nutrients and gases, and lymphatic vessels (D) are part of the lymphatic system that helps with immune function, not blood circulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenaline. The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's fight or flight response, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and overall alertness in response to stress or danger. Insulin (A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate stress response and metabolism, and melatonin (D) is produced by the pineal gland to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes needed for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The other choices, A: Nucleus, B: Ribosome, and D: Golgi apparatus, do not directly participate in energy production. The nucleus houses genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.