HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not directly carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and are the primary carriers of oxygen, making them indirectly responsible for carrying oxygen. However, the specific structure responsible for carrying oxygen is hemoglobin within red blood cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The other choices, B: Thyroid gland, C: Pineal gland, and D: Pancreas, are not located on top of the kidneys and do not have a direct anatomical connection to the kidneys. The adrenal gland's location and its function in hormone production make it the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint because the rounded head of the femur fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This design provides stability and support while enabling movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. A hinge joint (A) allows movement in one plane like the elbow, not the hip. Pivot joint (C) allows rotation around a central axis like the neck, not the hip. Saddle joint (D) allows movement in multiple directions but not as freely as a ball and socket joint.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. The other choices, A: Thyroid gland, B: Pituitary gland, and D: Adrenal gland, are not involved in the production of insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland controls hormone production in other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pancreas is the correct answer for the production of insulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to all cells in the body. This is achieved through the blood vessels and the pumping action of the heart. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, while nutrients are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Without these, cells cannot function properly, leading to organ failure and ultimately, death. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because although the circulatory system indirectly helps remove waste products, regulate body temperature, and protect organs, these are not its primary functions.