Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food along the digestive tract. This process helps move food from the esophagus to the stomach, then through the intestines for digestion and absorption. Defecation (A) is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Osmosis (B) is the movement of water across membranes, not the movement of food. Circulation (D) refers to the movement of blood, not food in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the peripheral nervous system, specifically the somatic nervous system. This system controls voluntary movements and sensory inputs. The other choices, Autonomic (B), Sympathetic (C), and Parasympathetic (D) are all part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the mentioned nerves are responsible for voluntary movement and sensation, fitting within the somatic nervous system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and growth. Without enough iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function properly, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter. A: Manganese does not directly support thyroid function. C: Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism but not specifically for thyroid function. D: Zinc is involved in various physiological processes, but it is not as critical for thyroid function as iodine. In summary, iodine is the correct answer because it is specifically required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, while the other choices do not play a direct role in supporting thyroid function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the nervous system. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provide support and insulation to nerve cells in the nervous system. They form the myelin sheath around axons, which helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. Schwann cells are not found in the digestive system (A), skeletal system (C), or muscular system (D) as they are specifically related to the nervous system. This distinction makes option B the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. This system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, which are responsible for producing and circulating antibodies. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell found in the lymphatic system, are key in generating antibodies to fight infections. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the digestive system (B) processes food, and the nervous system (D) controls communication in the body, none of which are directly involved in antibody production.