Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg). Normal pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, and normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. A: 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg are lower than normal. C: 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg indicate high pulse rate and hypertension. D: 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg show a high pulse rate and lower than normal blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions along the sagittal plane, which runs from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a transverse section dividing the body into upper and lower regions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a frontal section dividing the body into front and back regions. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the division between the dorsal and ventral cavities, not the body as a whole.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem responsible for regulating involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. It contains vital centers that control these essential functions. The cerebrum (A) is associated with higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movements, not involuntary functions. The cerebellum (B) is involved in coordination and balance, not regulating breathing or heart rate. The frontal lobe (D) is responsible for functions like decision-making and personality, not controlling involuntary functions. Therefore, the medulla oblongata is the correct answer due to its specific role in regulating vital involuntary functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and growth. Without enough iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function properly, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter. A: Manganese does not directly support thyroid function. C: Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism but not specifically for thyroid function. D: Zinc is involved in various physiological processes, but it is not as critical for thyroid function as iodine. In summary, iodine is the correct answer because it is specifically required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, while the other choices do not play a direct role in supporting thyroid function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parathyroid. The parathyroid gland controls Calciferol (Vitamin D) levels in the body by regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The thyroid gland (choice A) regulates metabolism but not specifically Calciferol. The pituitary gland (choice B) controls various hormones but not Calciferol. The hypothalamus (choice D) regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland but does not directly control Calciferol. Therefore, the parathyroid gland is the correct choice for controlling Calciferol levels in the body.