Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg). Normal pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, and normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. A: 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg are lower than normal. C: 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg indicate high pulse rate and hypertension. D: 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg show a high pulse rate and lower than normal blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Digestive system. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, playing a crucial role in the digestion process by transporting food to the stomach through peristaltic movements. This is why it belongs to the Digestive system. Choice A, the Endocrine system, is incorrect because this system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones, not for the physical transport of food. Choice C, the Respiratory system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not involved in the exchange of gases, which is the primary function of the Respiratory system. Choice D, the Nervous system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not primarily responsible for transmitting nerve signals but rather for the mechanical process of moving food.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by drawing excess fluid from the cells and depositing it into the blood vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body. Lymphatic vessels collect the excess fluid, known as lymph, and transport it back to the bloodstream. This collaboration ensures that the body's tissues are not overloaded with fluid and helps with immune function. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system is responsible for producing red blood cells in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect because the heart does not regulate the production of lymph; lymph is produced in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Choice D is incorrect because white blood cells from the lymphatic system play a role in the immune response, not in eliminating excess red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: In the nervous system. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provide support and insulation to nerve cells in the nervous system. They form the myelin sheath around axons, which helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. Schwann cells are not found in the digestive system (A), skeletal system (C), or muscular system (D) as they are specifically related to the nervous system. This distinction makes option B the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial structure in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and plays a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations. The pinna (A) is the external part of the ear, the cochlea (C) is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal (D) is a passage leading to the eardrum. These structures are more lateral to the tympanic membrane in the ear anatomy.