Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is an anterior muscle of the thigh responsible for extending the knee joint. It consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and play a crucial role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Gluteus maximus is a large muscle located in the buttocks, not the anterior thigh. C: Biceps femoris is a muscle located in the posterior thigh, not the anterior thigh. D: Adductor magnus is a muscle located on the inner thigh, not the anterior thigh.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial structure in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and plays a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations. The pinna (A) is the external part of the ear, the cochlea (C) is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal (D) is a passage leading to the eardrum. These structures are more lateral to the tympanic membrane in the ear anatomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts during lactation. It is produced by the pituitary gland. Norepinephrine is not involved in milk production. Antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Oxytocin is responsible for milk ejection, not production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by drawing excess fluid from the cells and depositing it into the blood vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body. Lymphatic vessels collect the excess fluid, known as lymph, and transport it back to the bloodstream. This collaboration ensures that the body's tissues are not overloaded with fluid and helps with immune function. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system is responsible for producing red blood cells in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect because the heart does not regulate the production of lymph; lymph is produced in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Choice D is incorrect because white blood cells from the lymphatic system play a role in the immune response, not in eliminating excess red blood cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of muscles that propels food along the digestive tract. This process helps move food from the esophagus to the stomach, then through the intestines for digestion and absorption. Defecation (A) is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Osmosis (B) is the movement of water across membranes, not the movement of food. Circulation (D) refers to the movement of blood, not food in the digestive system.