Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is an anterior muscle of the thigh responsible for extending the knee joint. It consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are located in the front of the thigh and play a crucial role in activities like walking, running, and jumping. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Gluteus maximus is a large muscle located in the buttocks, not the anterior thigh. C: Biceps femoris is a muscle located in the posterior thigh, not the anterior thigh. D: Adductor magnus is a muscle located on the inner thigh, not the anterior thigh.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment. The nervous system communicates with muscles through motor neurons, sending signals to control muscle contractions in response to stimuli. This coordination allows for movement and responses to the environment. Incorrect choices: A: The muscles do not produce chemicals to feed the nerves; rather, nerves control muscle function. C: The nervous system does not primarily remove excess waste from muscles; this is mainly the job of the circulatory and lymphatic systems. D: The muscular system does not provide input for the nerves to make decisions; nerves regulate muscle activity based on external and internal signals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and growth. Without enough iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function properly, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter. A: Manganese does not directly support thyroid function. C: Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism but not specifically for thyroid function. D: Zinc is involved in various physiological processes, but it is not as critical for thyroid function as iodine. In summary, iodine is the correct answer because it is specifically required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, while the other choices do not play a direct role in supporting thyroid function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. This system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, which are responsible for producing and circulating antibodies. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell found in the lymphatic system, are key in generating antibodies to fight infections. The endocrine system (A) regulates hormones, the digestive system (B) processes food, and the nervous system (D) controls communication in the body, none of which are directly involved in antibody production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts during lactation. It is produced by the pituitary gland. Norepinephrine is not involved in milk production. Antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Oxytocin is responsible for milk ejection, not production.