Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Femur. The femur is the bone in the human thigh, the longest and strongest bone in the body, supporting body weight and connecting the hip and knee joints. The ulna (A) is a bone in the forearm, the radius (C) is also a bone in the forearm, and the humerus (D) is the bone in the upper arm. In this question, the key is understanding the location and function of each bone in the human body, which leads us to the femur as the correct answer for the bone in the thigh.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Digestive system. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, playing a crucial role in the digestion process by transporting food to the stomach through peristaltic movements. This is why it belongs to the Digestive system. Choice A, the Endocrine system, is incorrect because this system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones, not for the physical transport of food. Choice C, the Respiratory system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not involved in the exchange of gases, which is the primary function of the Respiratory system. Choice D, the Nervous system, is incorrect as the esophagus is not primarily responsible for transmitting nerve signals but rather for the mechanical process of moving food.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a headrest in a car prevents traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. When a car is hit from behind, the headrest supports the head and prevents the neck from snapping backward, which can cause whiplash or other neck injuries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of the headrest is to limit hyperextension of the neck, not hyperflexion, vertebral compression, or disc degeneration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parathyroid. The parathyroid gland controls Calciferol (Vitamin D) levels in the body by regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The thyroid gland (choice A) regulates metabolism but not specifically Calciferol. The pituitary gland (choice B) controls various hormones but not Calciferol. The hypothalamus (choice D) regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland but does not directly control Calciferol. Therefore, the parathyroid gland is the correct choice for controlling Calciferol levels in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the peripheral nervous system, specifically the somatic nervous system. This system controls voluntary movements and sensory inputs. The other choices, Autonomic (B), Sympathetic (C), and Parasympathetic (D) are all part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the mentioned nerves are responsible for voluntary movement and sensation, fitting within the somatic nervous system.