Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin. Vitamins are essential nutrients that do not provide energy directly. They help the body perform various functions but do not contain calories. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that provide energy. Carbohydrates and fats provide 4 calories per gram, while protein provides 4 calories per gram as well. Vitamins are essential for overall health and proper bodily functions, but they do not contribute to energy production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the endocrine system. The endocrine system secretes hormones that play a crucial role in regulating muscle growth. Hormones like testosterone and growth hormone stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth. The skeletal system (A) provides structural support but does not directly regulate muscle growth. The nervous system (C) controls muscle contractions but does not regulate muscle growth. The reproductive system (D) is not directly involved in muscle growth regulation. In summary, the endocrine system is responsible for regulating muscle growth through hormone secretion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and growth. Without enough iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function properly, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter. A: Manganese does not directly support thyroid function. C: Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism but not specifically for thyroid function. D: Zinc is involved in various physiological processes, but it is not as critical for thyroid function as iodine. In summary, iodine is the correct answer because it is specifically required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, while the other choices do not play a direct role in supporting thyroid function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts during lactation. It is produced by the pituitary gland. Norepinephrine is not involved in milk production. Antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Oxytocin is responsible for milk ejection, not production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Along the sciatic nerve. A herniated lumbar disc can compress the sciatic nerve, causing pain that radiates down the leg (sciatica). The sciatic nerve is a major nerve that originates from the lower back, so compression at this level can lead to symptoms in the buttocks, thigh, or lower leg. Choices A and D are incorrect because the radial nerve and tibial nerve are not typically associated with lumbar disc herniation. Choice B is incorrect because a herniated disc does not occur within the spinal cord itself, but rather in the spinal canal where it can impinge on nearby nerves such as the sciatic nerve.