Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin. Vitamins are essential nutrients that do not provide energy directly. They help the body perform various functions but do not contain calories. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that provide energy. Carbohydrates and fats provide 4 calories per gram, while protein provides 4 calories per gram as well. Vitamins are essential for overall health and proper bodily functions, but they do not contribute to energy production.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Simple columnar epithelium - secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall cells that are specialized for secretion and absorption due to their elongated shape and presence of microvilli. This type of epithelium is commonly found in the lining of the digestive tract where it secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Simple squamous epithelium is primarily involved in diffusion, not secretion or absorption. B: Stratified squamous epithelium is specialized for protection against mechanical stress and abrasion, not secretion or absorption. C: Stratified squamous epithelium is also not involved in secretion or absorption, its main function is protection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Along the sciatic nerve. A herniated lumbar disc can compress the sciatic nerve, causing pain that radiates down the leg (sciatica). The sciatic nerve is a major nerve that originates from the lower back, so compression at this level can lead to symptoms in the buttocks, thigh, or lower leg. Choices A and D are incorrect because the radial nerve and tibial nerve are not typically associated with lumbar disc herniation. Choice B is incorrect because a herniated disc does not occur within the spinal cord itself, but rather in the spinal canal where it can impinge on nearby nerves such as the sciatic nerve.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Activating vitamin D. Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the body by stimulating the activation of vitamin D, which helps in calcium absorption from the intestines. This process is crucial for maintaining proper bone health and muscle function. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathyroid hormone does not directly affect energy levels, cell reproduction, or metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions along the sagittal plane, which runs from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a transverse section dividing the body into upper and lower regions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a frontal section dividing the body into front and back regions. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the division between the dorsal and ventral cavities, not the body as a whole.