Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions along the sagittal plane, which runs from front to back, dividing the body into symmetrical halves. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to a transverse section dividing the body into upper and lower regions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a frontal section dividing the body into front and back regions. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the division between the dorsal and ventral cavities, not the body as a whole.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To break down proteins. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that specifically functions to break down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is crucial for the digestion and absorption of proteins in the body. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pepsin is not involved in breaking down starches, emulsifying fats and oils, or absorbing water and nutrients. Other enzymes like amylase are responsible for breaking down starches, bile helps emulsify fats, and various enzymes and mechanisms are involved in water and nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: reproductive system. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. They play a crucial role in the process of reproduction. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The skeletal system consists of bones and is not related to the ovaries. B: The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which are not related to the ovaries. C: The lymphatic system is responsible for immune response and fluid balance, not related to the ovaries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the peripheral nervous system, specifically the somatic nervous system. This system controls voluntary movements and sensory inputs. The other choices, Autonomic (B), Sympathetic (C), and Parasympathetic (D) are all part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the mentioned nerves are responsible for voluntary movement and sensation, fitting within the somatic nervous system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by drawing excess fluid from the cells and depositing it into the blood vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body. Lymphatic vessels collect the excess fluid, known as lymph, and transport it back to the bloodstream. This collaboration ensures that the body's tissues are not overloaded with fluid and helps with immune function. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system is responsible for producing red blood cells in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect because the heart does not regulate the production of lymph; lymph is produced in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Choice D is incorrect because white blood cells from the lymphatic system play a role in the immune response, not in eliminating excess red blood cells.