Anatomy HESI A2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and growth. Without enough iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function properly, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter. A: Manganese does not directly support thyroid function. C: Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism but not specifically for thyroid function. D: Zinc is involved in various physiological processes, but it is not as critical for thyroid function as iodine. In summary, iodine is the correct answer because it is specifically required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, while the other choices do not play a direct role in supporting thyroid function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the endocrine system. The endocrine system secretes hormones that play a crucial role in regulating muscle growth. Hormones like testosterone and growth hormone stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth. The skeletal system (A) provides structural support but does not directly regulate muscle growth. The nervous system (C) controls muscle contractions but does not regulate muscle growth. The reproductive system (D) is not directly involved in muscle growth regulation. In summary, the endocrine system is responsible for regulating muscle growth through hormone secretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin. Vitamins are essential nutrients that do not provide energy directly. They help the body perform various functions but do not contain calories. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that provide energy. Carbohydrates and fats provide 4 calories per gram, while protein provides 4 calories per gram as well. Vitamins are essential for overall health and proper bodily functions, but they do not contribute to energy production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the peripheral nervous system, specifically the somatic nervous system. This system controls voluntary movements and sensory inputs. The other choices, Autonomic (B), Sympathetic (C), and Parasympathetic (D) are all part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A because the mentioned nerves are responsible for voluntary movement and sensation, fitting within the somatic nervous system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eustachian tube. The Eustachian tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear, allowing for equalization of pressure. This helps prevent conditions like ear infections and hearing issues. The larynx (A) is involved in speech production. Pharyngeal muscles (B) assist in swallowing. The bronchus (D) is part of the respiratory system and is not directly connected to the middle ear. Therefore, the Eustachian tube is the correct structure linking the nasopharynx to the middle ear.