HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: four. The four main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Epithelial tissues cover and line body surfaces, connective tissues provide support and structure, muscle tissues allow movement, and nervous tissues transmit signals. The other choices are incorrect because there are not six, eight, or ten main types of tissues in the human body. These choices are not consistent with the widely accepted classification of tissues in human anatomy and physiology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This supports the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the pancreas does not directly absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. Glucagon (A) raises blood glucose levels, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and melatonin (D) regulates sleep cycles and has no direct impact on blood glucose levels. Insulin is the only hormone among the choices that specifically targets lowering blood glucose levels through its actions on glucose metabolism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulating body temperature. The nervous system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling body temperature through signals to sweat glands and blood vessels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because transporting blood is primarily done by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is the role of the immune system, and digesting food is the function of the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in memory formation due to its role in encoding, storing, and retrieving memories. It plays a crucial role in both short-term and long-term memory processes. Damage to the hippocampus can result in amnesia, further emphasizing its importance in memory formation. Incorrect choices: A: Cerebellum - Primarily involved in motor control and coordination. C: Brainstem - Regulates basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. D: Frontal lobe - Responsible for executive functions, decision-making, and personality. While it plays a role in memory retrieval, it is not primarily involved in memory formation.