HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: four. The four main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Epithelial tissues cover and line body surfaces, connective tissues provide support and structure, muscle tissues allow movement, and nervous tissues transmit signals. The other choices are incorrect because there are not six, eight, or ten main types of tissues in the human body. These choices are not consistent with the widely accepted classification of tissues in human anatomy and physiology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin K. Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting as it helps in the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver. Without adequate vitamin K, the blood may not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding. Vitamin D (Choice A) is important for bone health, not blood clotting. Vitamin C (Choice C) is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, but not directly involved in blood clotting. Vitamin B12 (Choice D) is crucial for nerve function and red blood cell production, but not specifically for blood clotting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triceps brachii. The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. It is a three-headed muscle located on the back of the upper arm. When it contracts, it straightens the arm at the elbow joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow. C: Deltoid is a shoulder muscle responsible for shoulder abduction. D: Pectoralis major is a chest muscle responsible for shoulder adduction and internal rotation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. Glucagon (A) raises blood glucose levels, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and melatonin (D) regulates sleep cycles and has no direct impact on blood glucose levels. Insulin is the only hormone among the choices that specifically targets lowering blood glucose levels through its actions on glucose metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. In males, the urethra serves as the passage for both urine and semen. It connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Bladder is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. C: Prostate is an accessory gland in the male reproductive system, producing fluids for semen. D: Seminal Vesicle is also part of the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid.