HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and form solid waste from the remaining indigestible materials after digestion in the small intestine. First, chyme (partially digested food) enters the large intestine where water is absorbed, resulting in the formation of feces. This process helps maintain proper hydration levels in the body and facilitates the elimination of waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin C. Collagen synthesis requires Vitamin C as it is essential for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen, which stabilizes the collagen structure. Vitamin D (choice B) is important for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin B12 (choice C) is crucial for nerve function and red blood cell production. Vitamin K (choice D) is necessary for blood clotting. However, for collagen synthesis specifically, Vitamin C is the key nutrient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate metabolism and stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and the body's response to stress. Insulin production is primarily done by the pancreas (not adrenal glands), fighting infections is the role of the immune system (not adrenal glands), and while the adrenal glands do play a role in blood pressure regulation, it is not their primary function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triceps brachii. The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. It is a three-headed muscle located on the back of the upper arm. When it contracts, it straightens the arm at the elbow joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow. C: Deltoid is a shoulder muscle responsible for shoulder abduction. D: Pectoralis major is a chest muscle responsible for shoulder adduction and internal rotation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. In males, the urethra serves as the passage for both urine and semen. It connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Bladder is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. C: Prostate is an accessory gland in the male reproductive system, producing fluids for semen. D: Seminal Vesicle is also part of the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid.