HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and form solid waste from the remaining indigestible materials after digestion in the small intestine. First, chyme (partially digested food) enters the large intestine where water is absorbed, resulting in the formation of feces. This process helps maintain proper hydration levels in the body and facilitates the elimination of waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tendons. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They are strong and flexible, allowing for efficient transmission of muscle forces to bones during movement. Ligaments (B) attach bones to bones, not muscles. Cartilage (C) is a supportive tissue found in joints, not directly involved in muscle-bone attachment. Fascia (D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, not specifically involved in muscle-bone attachment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is unique as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body, making it a free-floating bone. It serves important functions in supporting the tongue and aiding in swallowing. A: Scapula articulates with the clavicle and humerus. C: Radius articulates with the ulna, humerus, and carpal bones. D: Femur articulates with the hip bone and tibia. Therefore, the hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with another bone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine's primary function is to absorb nutrients from digested food. It is lined with millions of tiny villi that increase its surface area for absorption. Digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and released into the small intestine, so A is incorrect. Breaking down food primarily occurs in the stomach, making C incorrect. Absorbing water mainly occurs in the large intestine, so D is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is B as the small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Filtering blood to remove waste. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products, excess water, and electrolytes to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminate toxins. Regulating blood pressure (A) is partially true, but not the primary function. Producing red blood cells (C) is done by the bone marrow, not the kidneys. Regulating electrolyte balance (D) is an important function of the kidneys, but not the primary one.