HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. In males, the urethra serves as the passage for both urine and semen. It connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Bladder is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. C: Prostate is an accessory gland in the male reproductive system, producing fluids for semen. D: Seminal Vesicle is also part of the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and form solid waste from the remaining indigestible materials after digestion in the small intestine. First, chyme (partially digested food) enters the large intestine where water is absorbed, resulting in the formation of feces. This process helps maintain proper hydration levels in the body and facilitates the elimination of waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to concentrate urine and retain water in the body. Insulin (B) regulates blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is involved in stress response and metabolism, and thyroxine (D) regulates metabolism. These hormones are not directly involved in water balance regulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood through the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins, which are then excreted as urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Lungs are responsible for exchanging gases, not filtering blood. B: Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood, not involved in blood filtration. D: Liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it does not directly filter blood like the kidneys do.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This supports the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the pancreas does not directly absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose.