HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: B-lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow. This is because red bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults, where all blood cells, including B-lymphocytes, are produced. The thymus is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation, not production. Lymph nodes and spleen are sites where B-lymphocytes can mature and become activated but not produced.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not packaging or distribution. Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein packaging or distribution.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To fight infections. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by filtering and trapping pathogens, producing white blood cells, and transporting immune cells to areas of infection. This function helps the body defend against harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To transport oxygen - This is the function of the circulatory system, specifically the red blood cells carrying oxygen to tissues. B: To produce hormones - Hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the lymphatic system. D: To transport nutrients - Nutrient transportation is mainly handled by the digestive system through the bloodstream, not the lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Filtering blood to remove waste. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products, excess water, and electrolytes to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminate toxins. Regulating blood pressure (A) is partially true, but not the primary function. Producing red blood cells (C) is done by the bone marrow, not the kidneys. Regulating electrolyte balance (D) is an important function of the kidneys, but not the primary one.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate metabolism and stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and the body's response to stress. Insulin production is primarily done by the pancreas (not adrenal glands), fighting infections is the role of the immune system (not adrenal glands), and while the adrenal glands do play a role in blood pressure regulation, it is not their primary function.