HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material passing through it. This process helps in forming solid waste for excretion. Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice A). The secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice C). Breaking down fats is primarily the role of bile produced by the liver and released into the small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice D).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood through the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins, which are then excreted as urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Lungs are responsible for exchanging gases, not filtering blood. B: Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood, not involved in blood filtration. D: Liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it does not directly filter blood like the kidneys do.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in memory formation due to its role in encoding, storing, and retrieving memories. It plays a crucial role in both short-term and long-term memory processes. Damage to the hippocampus can result in amnesia, further emphasizing its importance in memory formation. Incorrect choices: A: Cerebellum - Primarily involved in motor control and coordination. C: Brainstem - Regulates basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. D: Frontal lobe - Responsible for executive functions, decision-making, and personality. While it plays a role in memory retrieval, it is not primarily involved in memory formation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not packaging or distribution. Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein packaging or distribution.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material passing through it. This process helps in forming solid waste for excretion. Absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice A). The secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice C). Breaking down fats is primarily the role of bile produced by the liver and released into the small intestine, not the large intestine (Choice D).