HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To pump blood throughout the body. The heart's primary function is to act as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Explanation of other choices: A: To filter blood - This is incorrect, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. C: To absorb oxygen - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for absorbing oxygen. D: To remove carbon dioxide - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for removing carbon dioxide during respiration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water and form solid waste. It reabsorbs water from the indigestible food residue, converting it into feces. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as fat breakdown occurs mainly in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because the large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes as its main function is water absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a part of the immune system as it contains lymphoid tissue that helps in immune responses. It plays a role in maintaining gut microbiota and fighting off infections. The other choices, heart, bronchi, and esophagus, are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, the bronchi are air passages in the lungs, and the esophagus is a tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the appendix is the only organ listed that is directly associated with the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate metabolism and stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and the body's response to stress. Insulin production is primarily done by the pancreas (not adrenal glands), fighting infections is the role of the immune system (not adrenal glands), and while the adrenal glands do play a role in blood pressure regulation, it is not their primary function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Filtering blood to remove waste. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products, excess water, and electrolytes to form urine. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminate toxins. Regulating blood pressure (A) is partially true, but not the primary function. Producing red blood cells (C) is done by the bone marrow, not the kidneys. Regulating electrolyte balance (D) is an important function of the kidneys, but not the primary one.