HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of red blood cells is transporting oxygen. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. This process is essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Clotting blood is primarily done by platelets, not red blood cells. Fighting infection is the role of white blood cells. Carrying hormones is mainly done by proteins such as albumin in the blood, not red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To pump blood throughout the body. The heart's primary function is to act as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Explanation of other choices: A: To filter blood - This is incorrect, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. C: To absorb oxygen - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for absorbing oxygen. D: To remove carbon dioxide - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for removing carbon dioxide during respiration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulation of blood pressure. The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and aldosterone that help regulate blood pressure by controlling fluid balance and constriction/dilation of blood vessels. Adrenal glands do not directly regulate metabolism (choice A), produce bile (choice B), or produce insulin (choice D). Metabolism is mainly regulated by the thyroid gland, bile is produced in the liver, and insulin is produced in the pancreas. Hence, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of the main function of the adrenal glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. In males, the urethra serves as the passage for both urine and semen. It connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Bladder is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. C: Prostate is an accessory gland in the male reproductive system, producing fluids for semen. D: Seminal Vesicle is also part of the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb water. The primary role of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material that passes through it. This ensures that the body maintains proper hydration and regulates the consistency of stool. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, not the large intestine. C: The breakdown of food mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine. D: Digestive enzymes are primarily secreted by the pancreas and small intestine, not the large intestine.