HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulating body temperature. The nervous system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling body temperature through signals to sweat glands and blood vessels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because transporting blood is primarily done by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is the role of the immune system, and digesting food is the function of the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, in response to stress or danger. This hormone helps the body respond to fight-or-flight situations by increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and boosting energy levels. A: Thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not adrenaline. C: Pituitary gland releases various hormones but not adrenaline. D: Pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, not adrenaline. In summary, the adrenal gland is the correct answer because it specifically produces adrenaline in response to stress, while the other glands mentioned have different functions and do not produce adrenaline.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce bile. The liver produces bile, which is essential for the breakdown and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B is incorrect because the storage of glucose is primarily done in the liver, not for digestion. C is incorrect as the pancreas, not the liver, secretes digestive enzymes. D is incorrect as while the liver does play a role in detoxification, its primary function in digestion is bile production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ligaments. Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability to joints. Tendons (A) connect muscles to bones, cartilage (C) is a firm but flexible connective tissue found in joints, and muscles (D) are responsible for movement, not connecting bones. Ligaments specifically serve the function of connecting bones and are essential for joint stability.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This supports the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the pancreas does not directly absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose.