HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tendons. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They are strong and flexible, allowing for efficient transmission of muscle forces to bones during movement. Ligaments (B) attach bones to bones, not muscles. Cartilage (C) is a supportive tissue found in joints, not directly involved in muscle-bone attachment. Fascia (D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, not specifically involved in muscle-bone attachment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure located in the respiratory system responsible for producing sound, protecting the airway during swallowing, and containing the vocal cords. Rationale: 1. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box and is essential for phonation. 2. It connects the pharynx to the trachea, allowing air to pass through the vocal cords. 3. The trachea (Choice B) is also part of the respiratory system, but it is not the structure specifically responsible for sound production. 4. The pharynx (Choice C) is a shared structure with the digestive system and not exclusively part of the respiratory system. 5. The esophagus (Choice D) is part of the digestive system and not part of the respiratory system. In summary, the larynx is the correct answer as it is a vital structure in the respiratory system for breathing and sound production, while the other choices are

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a part of the immune system as it contains lymphoid tissue that helps in immune responses. It plays a role in maintaining gut microbiota and fighting off infections. The other choices, heart, bronchi, and esophagus, are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, the bronchi are air passages in the lungs, and the esophagus is a tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the appendix is the only organ listed that is directly associated with the immune system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamin C. Collagen synthesis requires Vitamin C as it is essential for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen, which stabilizes the collagen structure. Vitamin D (choice B) is important for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin B12 (choice C) is crucial for nerve function and red blood cell production. Vitamin K (choice D) is necessary for blood clotting. However, for collagen synthesis specifically, Vitamin C is the key nutrient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to concentrate urine and retain water in the body. Insulin (B) regulates blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is involved in stress response and metabolism, and thyroxine (D) regulates metabolism. These hormones are not directly involved in water balance regulation.