HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tendons. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They are strong and flexible, allowing for efficient transmission of muscle forces to bones during movement. Ligaments (B) attach bones to bones, not muscles. Cartilage (C) is a supportive tissue found in joints, not directly involved in muscle-bone attachment. Fascia (D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, not specifically involved in muscle-bone attachment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendix. The appendix is a part of the immune system as it contains lymphoid tissue that helps in immune responses. It plays a role in maintaining gut microbiota and fighting off infections. The other choices, heart, bronchi, and esophagus, are not directly involved in the immune system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, the bronchi are air passages in the lungs, and the esophagus is a tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Therefore, the appendix is the only organ listed that is directly associated with the immune system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To absorb water and form solid waste. The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue that enters it from the small intestine. This process helps in forming solid waste (feces) for elimination. The other choices are incorrect because B is the function of the pancreas and small intestine, C is the function of the endocrine system and not the large intestine, and D is the function of the small intestine where nutrient absorption mainly occurs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To fight infections. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by filtering and trapping pathogens, producing white blood cells, and transporting immune cells to areas of infection. This function helps the body defend against harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To transport oxygen - This is the function of the circulatory system, specifically the red blood cells carrying oxygen to tissues. B: To produce hormones - Hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the lymphatic system. D: To transport nutrients - Nutrient transportation is mainly handled by the digestive system through the bloodstream, not the lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To fight infections. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for detecting and destroying pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. They play a vital role in protecting the body against infections and diseases. Choice A is incorrect because red blood cells, not white blood cells, carry oxygen. Choice C is incorrect as white blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients; that is the role of the circulatory system. Choice D is incorrect because clotting of blood is mainly carried out by platelets and certain proteins, not white blood cells.