HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To fight infections. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for detecting and destroying pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. They play a vital role in protecting the body against infections and diseases. Choice A is incorrect because red blood cells, not white blood cells, carry oxygen. Choice C is incorrect as white blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients; that is the role of the circulatory system. Choice D is incorrect because clotting of blood is mainly carried out by platelets and certain proteins, not white blood cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Larynx. The larynx is a structure located in the respiratory system responsible for producing sound, protecting the airway during swallowing, and containing the vocal cords. Rationale: 1. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box and is essential for phonation. 2. It connects the pharynx to the trachea, allowing air to pass through the vocal cords. 3. The trachea (Choice B) is also part of the respiratory system, but it is not the structure specifically responsible for sound production. 4. The pharynx (Choice C) is a shared structure with the digestive system and not exclusively part of the respiratory system. 5. The esophagus (Choice D) is part of the digestive system and not part of the respiratory system. In summary, the larynx is the correct answer as it is a vital structure in the respiratory system for breathing and sound production, while the other choices are

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen and nutrients. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to various parts of the body to deliver nutrients and oxygen for cellular functions. It then collects oxygen-poor blood to be sent to the lungs for oxygenation. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Choice C is incorrect as the liver and kidneys are the main organs for waste removal. Choice D is incorrect as regulating temperature is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce bile. The liver produces bile, which is essential for the breakdown and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B is incorrect because the storage of glucose is primarily done in the liver, not for digestion. C is incorrect as the pancreas, not the liver, secretes digestive enzymes. D is incorrect as while the liver does play a role in detoxification, its primary function in digestion is bile production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulation of blood pressure. The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and aldosterone that help regulate blood pressure by controlling fluid balance and constriction/dilation of blood vessels. Adrenal glands do not directly regulate metabolism (choice A), produce bile (choice B), or produce insulin (choice D). Metabolism is mainly regulated by the thyroid gland, bile is produced in the liver, and insulin is produced in the pancreas. Hence, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in the context of the main function of the adrenal glands.