HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood through the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins, which are then excreted as urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Lungs are responsible for exchanging gases, not filtering blood. B: Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood, not involved in blood filtration. D: Liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it does not directly filter blood like the kidneys do.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulating body temperature. The nervous system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling body temperature through signals to sweat glands and blood vessels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because transporting blood is primarily done by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is the role of the immune system, and digesting food is the function of the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To fight infections. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by filtering and trapping pathogens, producing white blood cells, and transporting immune cells to areas of infection. This function helps the body defend against harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To transport oxygen - This is the function of the circulatory system, specifically the red blood cells carrying oxygen to tissues. B: To produce hormones - Hormone production is primarily carried out by the endocrine system, not the lymphatic system. D: To transport nutrients - Nutrient transportation is mainly handled by the digestive system through the bloodstream, not the lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urethra. The urethra is a structure that is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system. In males, the urethra serves as the passage for both urine and semen. It connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Bladder is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. C: Prostate is an accessory gland in the male reproductive system, producing fluids for semen. D: Seminal Vesicle is also part of the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Temporal lobe. This lobe is primarily responsible for auditory functioning as it houses the primary auditory cortex, which processes sound information. The Frontal lobe is more involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making. The Occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing, not auditory. The Parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and spatial reasoning, not specifically related to auditory functions.