HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood through the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins, which are then excreted as urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance of fluids and electrolytes. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Lungs are responsible for exchanging gases, not filtering blood. B: Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood, not involved in blood filtration. D: Liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it does not directly filter blood like the kidneys do.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triceps brachii. The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. It is a three-headed muscle located on the back of the upper arm. When it contracts, it straightens the arm at the elbow joint. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow. C: Deltoid is a shoulder muscle responsible for shoulder abduction. D: Pectoralis major is a chest muscle responsible for shoulder adduction and internal rotation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb water. The primary role of the large intestine is to absorb water from the undigested food material that passes through it. This ensures that the body maintains proper hydration and regulates the consistency of stool. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, not the large intestine. C: The breakdown of food mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine. D: Digestive enzymes are primarily secreted by the pancreas and small intestine, not the large intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate metabolism and stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and the body's response to stress. Insulin production is primarily done by the pancreas (not adrenal glands), fighting infections is the role of the immune system (not adrenal glands), and while the adrenal glands do play a role in blood pressure regulation, it is not their primary function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. The pancreas produces insulin to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. Glucagon (A) raises blood glucose levels, cortisol (C) is a stress hormone, and melatonin (D) regulates sleep cycles and has no direct impact on blood glucose levels. Insulin is the only hormone among the choices that specifically targets lowering blood glucose levels through its actions on glucose metabolism.