HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water and form solid waste. It reabsorbs water from the indigestible food residue, converting it into feces. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as fat breakdown occurs mainly in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because the large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes as its main function is water absorption.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Temporal lobe. This lobe is primarily responsible for auditory functioning as it houses the primary auditory cortex, which processes sound information. The Frontal lobe is more involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making. The Occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing, not auditory. The Parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and spatial reasoning, not specifically related to auditory functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To pump blood throughout the body. The heart's primary function is to act as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Explanation of other choices: A: To filter blood - This is incorrect, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. C: To absorb oxygen - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for absorbing oxygen. D: To remove carbon dioxide - This is incorrect, as the lungs are responsible for removing carbon dioxide during respiration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to concentrate urine and retain water in the body. Insulin (B) regulates blood sugar levels, cortisol (C) is involved in stress response and metabolism, and thyroxine (D) regulates metabolism. These hormones are not directly involved in water balance regulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To fight infections. The immune system's primary function is to protect the body from harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It does this by identifying and destroying these invaders to prevent infections and maintain overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen is the role of the respiratory system, producing energy is the role of the metabolic system, and regulating body temperature is the role of the thermoregulatory system, not the immune system.