Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control because they are attached to bones and allow conscious movement. The other choices are incorrect because smooth muscle (A) controls involuntary functions like digestion, cardiac muscle (B) controls the heart's contractions involuntarily, and striated muscle (D) is a general term that can refer to both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but skeletal muscle is the specific type under voluntary control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. It contains the respiratory center that regulates breathing and the cardiac center that controls heart rate. The cerebrum (A) is involved in higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movements, not in controlling basic bodily functions. The cerebellum (C) is responsible for coordination and balance, not for regulating breathing or heart rate. The hypothalamus (D) plays a role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but not specifically in controlling breathing and heart rate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control because they are attached to bones and allow conscious movement. The other choices are incorrect because smooth muscle (A) controls involuntary functions like digestion, cardiac muscle (B) controls the heart's contractions involuntarily, and striated muscle (D) is a general term that can refer to both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but skeletal muscle is the specific type under voluntary control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for bone health. Calcium is a major component of bone structure, while phosphorus helps in bone mineralization. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, but does not directly contribute to bone structure. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium are not as directly related to bone health as calcium and phosphorus. In summary, calcium and phosphorus directly support bone health, making them the crucial nutrients in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The ulnar nerve supplies sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger, as well as the corresponding part of the palm. Damage to the ulnar nerve would result in decreased sensation in the hand, specifically in the mentioned areas. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not innervate the arm, leg, or foot, respectively. This is why option A is the most appropriate answer based on the nerve's anatomy and distribution of sensory input.