Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detoxify harmful substances. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism by detoxifying harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol. It metabolizes these substances into less harmful compounds for elimination from the body. Other choices are incorrect because: A: The liver produces bile to aid in digestion, not directly related to metabolism. C: While the liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, it is not its primary role in metabolism. D: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver, to regulate blood sugar levels, not directly related to liver's role in metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The ulnar nerve supplies sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger, as well as the corresponding part of the palm. Damage to the ulnar nerve would result in decreased sensation in the hand, specifically in the mentioned areas. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not innervate the arm, leg, or foot, respectively. This is why option A is the most appropriate answer based on the nerve's anatomy and distribution of sensory input.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To protect the body from infections. The immune system's main function is to defend the body against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. It does this by recognizing and attacking these invaders to prevent infections and maintain overall health. Choice A is incorrect as the immune system does not primarily produce hormones. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is mainly carried out by the excretory system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is primarily controlled by the thermoregulatory system, not the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets' primary function is to clot blood. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets adhere to the site, forming a plug to stop bleeding. This process is crucial for wound healing and preventing excessive blood loss. Platelets do not fight infections, carry oxygen, or transport nutrients. These functions are primarily carried out by white blood cells, red blood cells, and the circulatory system, respectively. Platelets' role in blood clotting is essential for maintaining hemostasis in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter blood and remove old red blood cells. The spleen acts as a blood filter, removing old or damaged red blood cells and recycling their components. This process helps to maintain a healthy balance of red blood cells in the body. The spleen also plays a role in immune function by trapping and removing pathogens from the blood. It does not produce white blood cells (Choice B), store lymphocytes (Choice C), or produce antibodies (Choice D). These functions are typically carried out by other organs in the immune system, such as the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues.