Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detoxify harmful substances. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism by detoxifying harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol. It metabolizes these substances into less harmful compounds for elimination from the body. Other choices are incorrect because: A: The liver produces bile to aid in digestion, not directly related to metabolism. C: While the liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, it is not its primary role in metabolism. D: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver, to regulate blood sugar levels, not directly related to liver's role in metabolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases thyrotrophic-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. It also secretes growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) to stimulate growth hormone release and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to regulate the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). The other choices are incorrect because: A: Thymus - The thymus is primarily involved in immune function and does not release the mentioned hormones. B: Pituitary gland - While the pituitary gland responds to the hormones released by the hypothalamus, it does not release TRH, GHRH, or GnRH directly. C: Pineal gland - The pineal gland mainly secretes melatonin and is not involved in releasing the mentioned hormones related to growth, thyroid function, and reproduction

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochlea. The cochlea is responsible for hearing as it contains the hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain. Semicircular canals are responsible for balance, ossicles transmit sound waves, and the Eustachian tube regulates air pressure in the ear. Cochlea is the only structure directly involved in the process of hearing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body. It has thick muscular walls to generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circulation. The right atrium (choice A) receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the right ventricle (choice C) pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the left atrium (choice D) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. None of these chambers have the same pumping workload and muscular thickness as the left ventricle, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control because they are attached to bones and allow conscious movement. The other choices are incorrect because smooth muscle (A) controls involuntary functions like digestion, cardiac muscle (B) controls the heart's contractions involuntarily, and striated muscle (D) is a general term that can refer to both cardiac and skeletal muscle, but skeletal muscle is the specific type under voluntary control.