Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To filter blood and remove old red blood cells. The spleen acts as a blood filter, removing old or damaged red blood cells and recycling their components. This process helps to maintain a healthy balance of red blood cells in the body. The spleen also plays a role in immune function by trapping and removing pathogens from the blood. It does not produce white blood cells (Choice B), store lymphocytes (Choice C), or produce antibodies (Choice D). These functions are typically carried out by other organs in the immune system, such as the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detoxify harmful substances. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism by detoxifying harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol. It metabolizes these substances into less harmful compounds for elimination from the body. Other choices are incorrect because: A: The liver produces bile to aid in digestion, not directly related to metabolism. C: While the liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, it is not its primary role in metabolism. D: Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the liver, to regulate blood sugar levels, not directly related to liver's role in metabolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Larynx. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system because it plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating the passage of air to the lungs. It contains the vocal cords and is located in the throat. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Brain, C: Urethra) are not part of the respiratory system. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, the brain is part of the nervous system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pinna. The pinna, also known as the auricle, is the most visible part of the ear. It is the external, cartilaginous structure that helps collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal. The ear canal, choice A, is not the most visible part as it is mostly within the ear. The cochlea, choice B, and the organ of Corti, choice C, are internal structures within the ear responsible for processing sound signals, but they are not visible from the outside. Therefore, the pinna is the correct answer as it is the visible part of the ear that is easily recognizable on the exterior.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochlea. The cochlea is responsible for hearing as it contains the hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain. Semicircular canals are responsible for balance, ossicles transmit sound waves, and the Eustachian tube regulates air pressure in the ear. Cochlea is the only structure directly involved in the process of hearing.